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Public Radio's Environmental News Magazine (follow us on Google News)

Baby Talk

Air Date: Week of

Host Laura Knoy talks with Gerald McRoberts, a psychologist at Lehigh University, who’s found men and women really differ when it comes to baby talk.



Transcript

KNOY: We'd like to offer you an opportunity to visit a coffee plantation in Africa, and also spend the night on the rim of a dormant volcano. Thanks to Heritage Africa, Living on Earth is giving away a 15-day trip for two on an ultimate African safari, with visits to several of Africa's premier game preserves, including Kruger and Serengeti National Parks. Go to our website, loe.org, for more details about how to win this 15-day trip to see some of Africa's most spectacular sights. That's loe.org.

ANNOUNCER: Funding for Living on Earth comes from the World Media Foundation. Major contributors include the Ford Foundation, for reporting on U.S. environment and development issues, and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, for coverage of western issues. Support also comes from NPR member stations, and the Noyce Foundation, dedicated to improving math and science instruction from kindergarten through grade 12, and Bob Williams and Meg Caldwell, honoring NPR's coverage of environmental and natural resource issues, and in support of the NPR President's Council.

KNOY: It's not easy to decipher an infant's first words amid all the gurgles and gahs. There are even phrase books and dictionaries to help parents decode babyspeak. But what about the baby talk that moms and dads make? Gerald McRoberts, a psychologist at Lehigh University, joins me now to talk about his study on this question, published in the recent journal Speech Communications.

Professor McRoberts, welcome.

MCROBERTS: Hello, Laura.

KNOY: Professor McRoberts, why do we grownups use baby talk at all?

MCROBERTS: Well, clearly, very young infants don't understand the words of the language, so we use it partly because the babies like it. If you talk to a baby using the high-pitch and wide-pitch range that's common across the world in infant-directed speech, babies pay attention to you. If you start talking to them in a tone of voice that we're using, they very quickly turn away.

KNOY: Professor McRoberts, walk me through some of the baby talk sounds that you studied.

MCROBERTS: Well, we used a computer model to try to classify different types of expressions of emotion that parents typically use with their babies: praise, prohibition, and attention. We ignored the words and we took the acoustic properties, sort of the melody of each utterance.

For example, for praise you have a high-pitched expression that then sort of falls off slowly and is elongated. So a parent might say something like "Good boy" or even just "Yeah."

That contrasts very sharply with the way that we talk to babies when we want to prohibit their behavior. If you find a baby trying to stick its finger in an electrical socket, you're going to say something like, "No, stop, don't touch." And that's clearly very different. It causes the baby to stop what it's doing. Oftentimes, they sit down rather quickly, and sometimes they cry.

On the other hand, if the baby, especially a toddler, for example, has gotten a little ways away from a parent and the parent wants to call them back, they might say something like, "Bobby," or "Annie". What we found was that the computer model classified mothers' utterances correctly about 75 percent of the time, but it classified father's utterances correctly about 65 percent of the time.

KNOY: What do you think accounts for the differences between men and women when it comes to baby talk?

MCROBERTS: Certainly, cultural wisdom has it that women express emotions better than men do, and it's possible that they are clearer in that way. It's also possible that it was something as simple as the fact that our fathers were not as comfortable in our laboratory setting as the mothers were.

Finally, fathers tend to talk to their babies as if their babies were a little older or a little more developed than they really are. What that means is that they may be putting more of the expression into the words and less into the melody of their speech.

KNOY: Gerald McRoberts is a psychologist at Lehigh University. Professor McRoberts, thanks for talking with us.

MCROBERTS: Thank you for having me.

 

 

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